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Our Court Team
The Saint Regis Mohawk Tribal Court is served by a dedicated team of professionals committed to fairness, integrity, and service to the Akwesasne community. Each member of the Court plays a vital role in ensuring that court operations are conducted efficiently, respectfully, and in a manner that reflects the values of the people we serve. Together, the Tribal Court team is dedicated to administering justice with fairness, respect, and a deep commitment to the community.
The following rules of court decorum apply to all attorneys, litigants, and visitors appearing before the Saint Regis Mohawk Tribal Court. All parties are expected to conduct themselves with dignity and respect at all times.
🏅 Court Decorum Rules
Attorneys are expected to follow the Model Rules of Professional Conduct as well as the New York State Rules of Professional Conduct. Any deviations will not be tolerated and may result in your admission to practice in the Tribal Court being revoked.
All litigants, including the self-represented, are required to read and expected to follow the SRMT Code. It is available on the Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe Website.
Dress appropriately. No hats, shorts, cut-offs, sunglasses, or revealing clothing is allowed.
Not allowed in the courtroom: recording, children, gum chewing, foul language, or aggressive or disrespectful behavior.
Stand each time the Judge enters or exits the courtroom. Stand each time the jury enters or exits the courtroom.
Please stand when addressing the Court. The Court may instruct you to remain seated in a hearing in which there will be a lot of back-and-forth discussion amongst the court and counsel. Please sit when questioning a witness unless you are using the podium.
Ask to approach the witness the first time and then you may approach freely.
Do not address witnesses, parties, or opposing counsel by their first names. Use their titles.
Line up your witnesses in order to avoid delay. Advise the court if there are witness timing issues so that witnesses may be taken out of order, if necessary, or allowed to be on call so they don't have to wait a lengthy period of time to testify. Parties should be prepared to allow witnesses to testify out of order and be generous toward each other in this regard.
Identify yourself to the Bailiff before a hearing begins. Provide a business card with your name, correct address, phone number, and e-mail address if you have one. Also include party representation.
Redactions should be made prior to the exhibit being offered if required. Exhibits redacted after the exhibit is admitted are to be marked as an "A" exhibit and the original, unredacted exhibit is kept by the court reporter for the record.
Once an exhibit number has been assigned, the same exhibit number may not be used for another exhibit, even if the original exhibit is withdrawn or not used in the hearing or trial.
These are the local procedural rules of the Saint Regis Mohawk Tribal Court. They govern hearings, motions, filings, and trials and apply to all attorneys and self-represented litigants appearing before the Court. These rules supplement the SRMT Civil Rules of Procedure and Code.
Rule 1
Hearings
Hearings are conducted in person. The Court does not have a submission docket. All contested motions must be set for an in-person oral hearing.
Rule 2
Contacting the Court
For matters relating to hearings and motions, including the status on any agreed or unopposed orders submitted to the Court, contact the Tribal Court Clerk Office:
Shenae Tarbell — 518-358-6300 x4908 | shenae.tarbell@srmt-nsn.gov
Karen Connors-Oakes — 518-358-6300 x4901 | karenconnorsoakes@srmt-nsn.gov
Rule 3
E-Filing
E-Filing is encouraged. Currently only pending cases have the ability to E-File. Once a case is on file, you may use E-File. Call the Court clerk to confirm your filing has been received.
Follow the SRMT Civil Rules of Procedure for filings. Clearly label all exhibits. Do not attach proposed orders as exhibits.
Rule 4
Motions
4.1
Certificates of Conference
All Motions should be in written form. The Court requires a detailed certificate of conference on all motions, pleas, and special exceptions except for:
Summary judgments
Default judgments
Motions for voluntary dismissal or non-suit
Post-verdict motions
Motions involving service of citation
The movant must confer person-to-person with opposing counsel or pro se litigant before the Court will consider a motion that requires a conference. A certificate stating only that counsel sent a letter or email without receiving a response is not a proper certificate of conference.
4.2
Orders
File orders with all motions and responses. The Court may pass motions filed without proposed orders. When submitting a proposed order after a hearing, include a cover letter and indicate whether the order is agreed to as to form.
4.3
Agreed Motions
If a motion is agreed, the Court may rule by submission. All unopposed or agreed motions should be titled as such. Agreed motions must contain the appropriate signatures. Unopposed motions must contain a certificate of conference. If the Court denies an agreed or unopposed motion, a litigant may request an oral hearing on that motion.
4.4
Motion Responses
Motion responses must be on file with the Court at least 48 hours before the hearing and include a proposed order. This does not preclude a party from complying with all notice requirements.
4.5
Summary Judgments
Motions can be set at the first available hearing 21 days after the motion is filed. Contact the court clerk for a hearing date.
Note: Do not wait until the last minute to file your motion or request a hearing. Summary judgments must be heard at least one month before trial. Late-filed summary judgments will be set at the Court's discretion.
Proposed orders granting summary judgments should include all relief requested. Motions should show how damages are calculated and provide supporting evidence.
4.6
Continuances
File motions for continuances as early as practicable. In the early stages of a case, hearings are generally not required for agreed continuances. If a case is one year or older, joint or agreed motions for continuance must be scheduled for an oral hearing and must show substantial need.
Any lead counsel actively engaged in a matter may seek an automatic continuance of up to 180 days for:
The birth or adoption of a child
Care for an immediate family member (spouse, child, or parent) with a serious health condition
Medical leave when the employee is unable to work because of a serious health condition
4.7
Default Judgments
Movants must attach all evidence supporting the motion and damages or the Court will pass the hearing. The movant must serve all defaulting parties with the motion, proposed judgment, and notice of the hearing.
4.8
Substituted-Service Motions
Affidavits supporting motions for substituted service must:
Describe efforts taken to verify that defendant actually lives or works at the subject address
List at least four attempts of service at different times of day with specific dates and times
Detail the identity of person(s) present at the subject address and state what was said
If possible, provide the identity of the owners of any cars in the driveway
Include any other indications that defendant resides at the subject address
File an order with all Substituted Service motions.
4.9
Motion to Withdraw
Motions to withdraw as attorney of record will be granted for good cause. Motions in which the party will be pro se after the attorney withdraws must include the party's telephone number, address, email address, a statement regarding consultation with the party, and current deadlines and trial settings. The Court does not generally grant motions to withdraw filed within 60 days of a dispositive event.
4.10
Motion for Severance
The Court does not routinely grant motions to sever. Motions to sever must state the basis for the severance and be set for oral hearing.
Rule 5
Hearings
5.1
Young Lawyers
The Court encourages opportunities for young lawyers (practicing for less than seven years) to participate in hearings and trials, particularly when the young lawyer drafted or contributed significantly to the underlying motion or response. Providing substantive speaking opportunities to young lawyers benefits the profession, the lawyers, and the clients.
5.2
Oral Hearing Docket
All motions that are not agreed or unopposed are set on the Court's calendar for oral hearing. Call the clerk for a hearing date and time. Parties must file and serve the notice of the hearing along with the motion and order within 48 hours after obtaining the setting. Movants must provide ten-day notice for hearings.
5.3
Expedited Hearings
Any party requesting an expedited or emergency hearing must file a detailed motion with a certificate of conference.
5.4
Virtual Appearance or Phone
The Court discourages non in-person appearances. The Court will consider appearances in non-evidentiary hearings by phone or virtual means by motion practice only. If granted, contact the Clerk to make arrangements.
Rule 6
Mediation
The Court does not require mediation. It may, however, order mediation on a case-by-case basis.
Rule 7
Status and Pre-trial Conferences
If a party anticipates needing more than 36 potential jurors, a status conference must be set with the Court at least 30 days in advance. On the day of trial, the Court allots 15 minutes per side for pre-trial matters. If a party anticipates needing more than 15 minutes for pre-trial, schedule a status conference at least 30 days in advance.
Rule 8
Trials
Jury trials are allowed under the SRMT Code. Exchange and conference regarding exhibit lists, motions in limine, and proposed jury charges at least one week before trial. Cases are automatically set for trial when a Docket Control Order is created.
8.1
Motions in Limine
Motions in limine must be exchanged between parties before trial. Limit your motion in limine to the specific facts and circumstances in your case.
8.2
Expert Witness Challenges
Parties must file expert witness challenges no later than 30 days before the scheduled trial date. All motions to challenge experts must be set for hearing before the trial date.
8.3
Jury Charge
The parties must exchange and submit their proposed jury charge before trial. Parties are encouraged to use a version aligned with the New York Proposed Pattern Jury charges. File the proposed jury charge with the Court and email it in Word format to the Court Clerks.
8.4
Voir Dire
Time for voir dire depends on the complexity of the case. The Court discourages argument during voir dire and will sustain objections to argument. Counsel should challenge jurors outside the presence of the panel and the juror.
8.5
Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law
Parties should file their proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law with the Court and email them in Word format to the Court clerk.
8.6
Remote Testimony
Witnesses, parties, and lawyers may no longer appear by Zoom or other remote means absent prior order from the Court. A motion requesting leave must be agreed and include a sworn statement from the presenting attorney confirming:
The witness has sufficient electronic equipment and it has been personally tested
The witness will testify in a neutral setting with no room decoration within view of the camera
The witness will be the only person in the room
A complete set of all exhibits (in hard copy) has been delivered to the witness
8.7
Demonstrative Exhibits and PowerPoint
All demonstrative exhibits and PowerPoint presentations must be shown to all parties before being shown to the jury or jury panel.
🌿 Healing to Wellness Court
The Saint Regis Mohawk Tribal Court's Healing to Wellness Court is a collaborative, community-based program designed to support individuals on a path toward healing, accountability, and long-term wellness. Rooted in Mohawk values and traditions, the program focuses on addressing underlying challenges—such as substance use and related behaviors—through structured support, treatment, and regular court oversight.
The Healing to Wellness Court emphasizes personal responsibility, cultural connection, and community support, offering participants an opportunity to make meaningful, lasting changes. Through this approach, the Court seeks to promote healthier individuals, stronger families, and a more resilient community.
Isaac White
Acting Healing to Wellness Court Coordinator
Isaac White serves as the Acting Healing to Wellness Court Coordinator for the Saint Regis Mohawk Tribal Court. Akwesasne-born, he holds a bachelor's degree in Business Administration from SUNY Canton and brings a strong background in community service, including five years as a court clerk and work as a community educator with the Mohawk Council of Akwesasne. For more information about the program, please contact the Court Clerk's office.
🌿 Program Principles
Healing & Accountability — Participants are supported through structured treatment while taking responsibility for their actions and their path forward.
Cultural Grounding — The program is rooted in Mohawk values and traditions, ensuring that healing is connected to community and identity.
Community Support — Regular court oversight and community involvement are central to the program's collaborative approach.
Long-Term Wellness — The goal is lasting change — healthier individuals, stronger families, and a more resilient Akwesasne community.
For more information or to inquire about participation, please contact the Court Clerk's office at 518-358-6300 or clerk@srmtribalcourts.org.
If you are representing yourself in Tribal Court without an attorney, you are known as a pro se litigant. The following information is provided to help you understand your responsibilities and navigate the court process. Please read it carefully — failing to follow court rules may result in the permanent loss of important rights.
Important: The judge, court staff, and opposing counsel cannot give you legal advice. It is your responsibility to know and follow the same rules as any attorney, including the Rules of Evidence, Rules of Civil Procedure, and Local Court Rules.
Your Responsibilities as a Pro Se Litigant
1
As a pro se litigant, you are acting as your own attorney. You will be expected to know and follow the law and court rules just as any attorney, including the Rules of Evidence, Rules of Civil Procedure, and Local Court Rules. If you fail to follow the rules, you may permanently lose important rights.
2
The judge, court staff (including the court coordinator, court clerk, court reporter, bailiff), and opposing counsel cannot give you legal advice.
3
Do not attempt to communicate privately with the judge. Communication includes phone calls, letters, voicemail, faxes, email, and direct conversation. You may only communicate with the judge if all parties are present. Unilateral contact is called ex parte communication and will not be considered. The court will return such communications unread and notify the other side.
4
It is your responsibility to provide the Court with a current and reliable mailing address and telephone number. If you move, you must notify the clerk and the court. Failure to do so may result in the permanent loss of important rights.
5
Your requests to the court should be made in a written motion.
6
You must send a copy of every pleading you file with the court to the opposing attorney, or opposing party if they do not have an attorney.
7
If you have received notice that a hearing has been scheduled, you must be prepared to present your evidence and witnesses.
8
How to Get Ready for Court — You can go to court yourself and watch other cases before yours is scheduled. This will help you see how the court works, where everyone sits, and what they do and say.
9
The Hearing — At the hearing, the judge will hear your case. Each party will have a chance to tell his or her side of the story. Bring your paperwork and evidence such as photos, witnesses, bills, receipts, contracts, or anything else that will prove your case.
10
How to Dress — Dress as though you were going to an important job interview. Be neat and clean. Do not wear shorts, flip-flops, tank tops, halter tops, sandals, hats, or other casual clothing. The court will order you removed from the courtroom if you are dressed inappropriately; this may result in a default of your case.
11
Timeliness — Always arrive on time. A good rule of thumb is to arrive at least 15 minutes early to allow time to locate parking, clear the security check, and locate the courtroom.
12
Courtroom Demeanor — You and your witnesses should be quiet in court. Do not smoke or chew gum. Turn off your cell phone, pagers, or other devices. Do not go in and out of the courtroom while waiting. Do not bring children to court unless they have been subpoenaed. Speak clearly and stay calm. Stand when speaking to the judge and call the judge "Your Honor." Do not interrupt the judge, the attorneys, or any other party. Maintain a composed and attentive posture at all times. It is never proper to speak, even in a whisper, with audience members while court is in session.
13
Violations of any of the above guidelines may result in sanctions being granted against you.
🔗 Free Online Legal Resources
New York State Bar Association
www.nysba.com
New York Law Help
www.lawhelpny.org
The Saint Regis Mohawk Tribal Court is committed to ensuring that all individuals who come before the Court are treated with fairness, dignity, and respect. Whether you are represented by an attorney or appearing on your own, the Court strives to make its processes as clear and accessible as possible.
Preparing for Your Court Date
Review all documents you have received from the Court carefully.
Make sure you understand the date, time, and location of your appearance.
Bring any documents, evidence, or information you wish the Court to consider.
If you have witnesses, ensure they are available to attend.
If you have questions about scheduling or procedures, you may contact the Court Clerk's office for general guidance.
Arriving at Court
Arrive early to allow time for check-in.
Dress appropriately and respectfully.
Turn off or silence all electronic devices.
During the Proceeding
When your case is called, come forward and be prepared to speak clearly.
Address the Judge respectfully.
Only one person may speak at a time. Do not interrupt the other party or the Court.
Follow all instructions given by the Judge.
If you are not represented by an attorney, the Court will ensure you are given an opportunity to be heard, but cannot provide legal advice.
Presenting Your Case
You may present documents, testimony, and other evidence but you must follow the Rules of Procedure including Evidence.
Become familiar with our Code and follow its rules.
Be prepared to explain your position clearly and concisely. The other party will have an opportunity to respond.
The Judge may ask questions to better understand the facts.
After the Hearing
The Court may issue a decision immediately or take the matter under advisement.
You will receive a written Order outlining the Court's decision.
It is important to carefully review and comply with all Court Orders.
✅ Court Expectations
Act respectfully toward one another and the Court.
Follow Court procedures and Orders.
Participate in good faith.
♿ Accessibility & Assistance
The Court is committed to accessibility. If you require reasonable accommodations or have questions about the process, please contact the Court Clerk's office in advance of your hearing.
A Note to the Community: The Court understands that appearing in court can be stressful. Our goal is to provide a process that is fair, respectful, and understandable for all who come before us.
Guide to Filing a Lawsuit in Tribal Court
This guide will help you understand the basic steps involved in filing a civil lawsuit before the Saint Regis Mohawk Tribal Court. Follow each step carefully — the Court cannot proceed unless all requirements are met.
Step
1
Does Tribal Court have Jurisdiction?
You must have jurisdiction. The case must involve a dispute arising in, connected with, or substantially affecting Mohawk Indian Country; or a contract negotiated, executed, performed on the Reservation, or whose subject matter substantially involves or occurs on the Reservation.
If so, the Petition must say so.
Step
2
Did You Name the Correct Parties?
The case may face dismissal if you fail to correctly name the responsible party.
Plaintiff / Petitioner (You)
- Full legal name and current address
Defendant / Respondent (The Person/Business You Are Suing)
- Full legal name (not a nickname)
- Legal Business name DBA
- Current address
Who is the "Correct" Party — you must sue:
The actual person who caused the harm · The legal owner of the business involved · The company itself (if it's a corporation or LLC) using its full legal name
The actual person who caused the harm · The legal owner of the business involved · The company itself (if it's a corporation or LLC) using its full legal name
Step
3
Tell the Court What Happened
In a simple, clear paragraph explain: What happened — what is the cause of action (e.g., theft, breach of contract, negligence, eviction)?
- When it happened (does it meet the statute of limitations?)
- Where it happened (does the court have jurisdiction?)
- Who was involved (do you specifically name them?)
- How you were harmed (can the court grant this relief and what relief are you asking for?)
Simple Rule
A "cause of action" is the legal reason you believe the court should give you relief. It answers:
- What law was violated?
- How were you harmed?
Example: "On January 1, 2026, in Hogansburg N.Y., John Smith failed to pay $500 owed under our written agreement." OR "Jane Smith refuses to vacate my property located at 1 Smith Rd., Hogansburg N.Y."
NOT: "Big John knows he owes me for the house." — The court doesn't know who the parties are, if there is jurisdiction, or the legal basis supporting your relief.
NOT: "Big John knows he owes me for the house." — The court doesn't know who the parties are, if there is jurisdiction, or the legal basis supporting your relief.
Step
4
What Are You Asking For?
The Court needs to know what you want. Examples of relief the Court can grant:
Money (state the amount if known)
Return of property
An order requiring someone to act or stop acting in a certain way
The Court cannot grant relief that you do not request.
Step
5
Filing & Notice
After filing your Petition, make sure the other party is properly served by following Tribal Court notice and service requirements.
Important: The Court cannot proceed unless proper notice is given.
Step
6
Do I Win?
Upon filing, you are responsible for proving your claims with admissible evidence. The Judge will decide the case based only on the law and the evidence presented in court.
The Judge cannot act as your attorney or assist you in presenting your case.
⚠️ Important Reminders
The court can offer procedural information, but it cannot give legal advice.
Tribal Court hours: 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. daily
Notary available to members free of charge
Coffee with the Judge available upon request
🔗 Free Online Legal Resources
New York State Bar Association
www.nysba.org
New York Law Help
www.lawhelpny.org
Legal Aid of Northeastern NY
www.lasnny.org
📄 Court Documents & Forms
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